In 2021, the European Commission adopted a proposal for a carbon adjustment system for imports of selected commodities into the EU. The CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) regulation applies to all entities that import iron and steel, aluminium, cement, electricity, hydrogen, fertilisers, certain precursors (active cathode materials) and, to a limited extent, downstream products (e.g. screws and bolts) from third countries to EU. From October 2023, a transitional period has begun, in which importers will have to collect information on emissions,  generated during the production of imported products and then report this data to the administrative authority, which is the national customs office. In addition, after the end of the transition period, each entity will have to register with the CBAM authority and, as an approved declarant, submit annual reports, as well as pay for the emissions contained in imported goods. This is a relatively complex issue, that is very likely to evolve over time and the related legislative developments will need to be closely monitored.